【初階知識】外匯交易是怎麼盈利的?盈虧如何計算?

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當我們在 MT4 中進行開倉與平倉操作時,都會看到交易的盈虧結果,那麼這筆盈虧究竟是如何計算出來的呢?我們接著往下看。

外匯交易的主要交易品種為貨幣對,常見的例如歐元/美元(EUR/USD)。以下將以 EUR/USD 為例,說明外匯交易盈虧的計算方式。


首先需要先了解幾個基本概念:

在外匯交易中,每一個貨幣對都由兩種貨幣組成,排在前面的稱為基礎貨幣,排在後面的稱為計價貨幣。
例如在 EUR/USD 中,歐元是基礎貨幣,美元是計價貨幣。

在外匯市場中,1 手等於 100,000 單位的基礎貨幣。
買入 1 手 EUR/USD,代表買入價值 100,000 歐元的美元;
買入 1 手 USD/CHF,則代表買入價值 100,000 美元的瑞士法郎。


外匯交易是如何盈利的?

買入之後,價格上漲即為盈利,價格下跌則為虧損。
賣出(做空)之後,價格上漲即為虧損,價格下跌則為盈利。

至於盈虧顯示的貨幣單位,通常以貨幣對後方的計價貨幣為準。
例如交易 EUR/USD,盈虧以美元計算;
交易 USD/CHF,盈虧則以瑞士法郎計算。
不過,MT4 平台一般會先換算為美元,再顯示於交易軟體中。


盈虧如何計算?

我們來實際計算看看。

先簡單記住一個概念:
1 手 = 100,000 單位的基礎貨幣。

若 EUR/USD 的價格為 1.09000,買入(BUY)0.1 手,當價格上漲至 1.09500 時平倉:

盈虧計算公式為:
盈虧 = 100,000 × 手數 ×(平倉價 − 開倉價)

代入數值:
盈虧 = 100,000 × 0.1 ×(1.09500 − 1.09000)
盈虧 = 10,000 × 0.005
盈虧 = 50 USD


再來看一個美元在前的例子:

若美元/瑞士法郎(USD/CHF)價格為 0.92000,買入 0.1 手,當價格上漲至 0.92500 時平倉:

盈虧 = 100,000 × 0.1 ×(0.92500 − 0.92000)
盈虧 = 50 CHF

由於當前匯率為 0.925,代表 1 美元可兌換 0.925 瑞士法郎。
因為 MT4 通常以美元顯示結算結果,所以還需要多一個換算步驟:

50 CHF ÷ 0.92500 = 54.05 USD


如果對數字計算容易感到困擾,其實可以完全交給交易軟體處理。我們只需要大致理解計算原理即可。

在實際交易中,並不需要每一筆訂單都親自計算盈虧,因為 MT4 會自動且精確地計算每筆交易,並即時顯示已實現盈虧與浮動盈虧的詳細情況。

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